Introduction: the
concept of forest ecology and development of forest ecology;. Environmental
Factors: Brief study of soil, water, light, temperature, atmospheric and biotic
factors and their effect on forest vegetation. Climatic regions of ETHIOPIA.
Study of basic concepts of Forest Ecology: Community ecology, population
ecology Ecological Plant Groups.
Methods of Vegetation Study: Kinds and uses of quadrates, transects and bisects
in the study of vegetation. Forest Influences in watershed, rangeland and
wildlife areas; control of desertification, biodiversity and global warming;
air, water, soil and noise pollution. Forest Types of Ethiopia: Definition and
basis of classification. Study of characteristics and floristic distribution of
major Forest Types of Ethiopia.
As raising seedlings
is the initial stage in all planting
departments, the success of the next plantation operations will
ultimately influence by the production of healthy, sturdy & disease &
pest free seedlings. This demands understanding of tree Seeds/fruits formation;
parts of seeds &their function;
Identifying seed source (formal & informal sources); Provenance,
seed stand & mother tree selection; Seed collection, processing, transport,
storage and seed handling techniques; Evaluating and grading of seed; Seed
quality & germination process; seed testing; Identification & solving
problems related to germination/ seed dormancy; application of different seed
pre-treatment techniques; Trade & distribution; Quarantine regulation and
seed certification. It also it requires
understanding of how to make proper Nursery Site selection; Laying out and
design of tree nurseries: identification
of different types of nursery; determining the size & shape of nursery,
proper soil mixture & potting; methods of raising seedlings; Nursery
practices/techniques; Care & conditioning of seedlings; Work organization
& recording; Working calendar; Seedling development record.
PART I: ANIMAL PART: Economic importance and potentials of animal production in Ethiopia; fundamental and principles of animal husbandry; importance, production systems, breeds and breeding, nutrition, housing, health maintenance production losses , disease and control measures, marketing of animal and animal products in Ethiopia and economically important animals.
PART
II: PLANT PART: Introductory to food production and population growth food
self-sufficiency and food security, definition of agronomy and its disciplinary
composition, the art and science of crop production ,origin of cultivated
plants; and classification of crop plants respectively. Botany of crop plants;
plants in relationship to their environment; agronomic practices principles of
dry and farming; and general remarks on individual crop culture of cereals and
pulses. Major economically important agronomic crops grown in Ethiopia: giving
information for specific crop plant on origin, economic importance ,history
,classification and botany, ecological requirements, nutritive values, crop
management including diseases, weed and insect pests management and major constraints of production.
Introduction:
Concepts of dendrology; Classification, Nomenclature, identification,
definitions of terms, Historical background; terminology of flowering plants:
vegetative and reproductive morphology; Biological nomenclature; Identification
keys and key construction; Herbarium techniques: collecting, pressing, drying
and preserving plant specimen; Important tree species of Ethiopia: angiosperms,
gymnosperms.
Plant architecture,
structure and function of plant tissues, woody plant anatomy, Nutrient
acquisition; absorption processes, mineral nutrients: physiological function
and nutrient deficiency; Plant root-microbe interactions; Plant-water
relations; plant water balance, the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum,
Photosynthesis and carbon metabolism; the photosynthetic apparatus and
photosynthetic reactions, carbon fixation pathways, photosynthetic response to
light and temperature; Growth and development; cellular basis of growth and
meristems in woody plants, plant hormones and growth regulation, flowering and
seed physiology; Stress physiology; Cultural practices and physiological
responses.
Introduction:
Definition of Forestry, Forests, Silviculture, Silvics, Silvicultural System.
Principles of silviculture, Characteristics of Tropical Natural Forests,
Principles of Natural Forest Silviculture, Introduction to Tropical forest
formations, Forests and Woodland of Ethiopia, Introduction to Moist tropical
forest dynamics, Silvicultural stand analysis: purpose; methodology and
analysis. Silvicultural Operation and Related Requirement, Factors considered
in the selection of silvicultural systems. Silvicultural Systems for
Domestication and Securing Sustained Production: Minimum harvestable diameter;
Improvement Thinning. Gradual Transformation System (GT) of the Growing Stock:
Improvement Systems; Enrichment System. GT by Means of Regeneration: Systems of
GT into Uniform High Forest; Systems for GT into Managed Selection Forest. Tropical
Conversion Systems. Silvicultural systems for Dry Tropical Forests:
Rehabilitations Measures; Coppice Systems.